What does an MOT check?

What the MOT covers

The test looks at the parts that matter for safety and the environment. GOV.UK's list for cars groups them like this:

• Brakes: condition, operation and performance, including ABS and electronic stability control where fitted.
• Tyres and wheels: condition, security, size and type, and tread depth. The spare wheel is not inspected.
• Lights: condition and operation, headlamp aim, and the main beam warning light.
• Steering and suspension: condition and operation, including the steering fluid level.
• Seatbelts and seats: belts present, in good condition and working; seats fitted securely.
• Exhaust and emissions: a secure, complete exhaust without serious leaks, and emissions within the limits for the vehicle's age and fuel type.
• Body and structure: serious rust or damage in key areas, and sharp edges that could injure someone.
• Fuel system: leaks, pipes and hoses, and a fuel cap that fastens and seals.
• View of the road: the windscreen, wipers and washers, and the mirrors. The horn must work and suit the vehicle.
• Doors, bonnet and boot: latches that hold, and front doors that open from inside and outside.
• Registration plates and VIN: plates in good condition and correctly formed, and a vehicle identification number displayed.
• Electrical: visible wiring and the battery.

Are warning lights checked?

Yes, several. The test checks the warning lights for airbags and seatbelt pretensioners, ABS, electronic stability control, the electronic parking brake, brake fluid and electronic power steering. On vehicles first used on or after 1 January 2012 it also checks tyre pressure monitoring. A light that stays on when it should not can lead to a fail. See car warning lights explained.

What an MOT does not check

The test does not cover the condition of the engine, clutch or gearbox. A car can pass its MOT and still need work, which is why an MOT is no substitute for a service. See interim vs full service.

A pass is also a snapshot. It shows the vehicle met the standard on the day, not that it will stay that way. You must keep your vehicle roadworthy at all times.

How the result is reported

Problems are recorded as dangerous, major, minor or advisory. Dangerous and major problems cause a fail. What happens if your car fails its MOT explains each one and what to do next.

When do you need one?

A car needs its first MOT by the third anniversary of its registration, then every year. You can test up to a month (minus a day) early and keep the same renewal date. See when your MOT is due and how much an MOT costs.